{"id":628,"date":"2022-08-29T09:53:09","date_gmt":"2022-08-29T09:53:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/?p=628"},"modified":"2025-11-10T02:05:03","modified_gmt":"2025-11-10T02:05:03","slug":"sea-freight","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/sea-freight\/","title":{"rendered":"Sea Freight"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sea freight is the shipment of large quantities of goods using cargo ships. The <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/goodsintransit\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/goodsintransit\/\">goodsintransit<\/a> is usually stored in containers or in the hold of the ship.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">It is typically regarded as one of the cheapest ways to transport bulk goods over long distances.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"recommendation\"><div class=\"recommendation-content\">\n<b><i>Summary<\/i><\/b><br>\n<li>Sea freight is the transportation of goods from port A to port B via ocean carriers.<\/li>\n<li>It is typically a cost-efficient and safe way to ship large quantities of goods over long distances.<\/li>\n<li>Sea freight is usually calculated per container or by chargeable weight in cubic meters (CBM). Chargeable weight is the greater of the following measurements:<br>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25e6 &nbsp; Actual weight of cargo in tons, converted to CBM, where 1 CBM = 1 ton = 1000kg (~2205lbs)<br>\n&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; \u25e6 &nbsp; Volumetric weight (CBM) = Length x width x height (in meters)<br>\n<\/li><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"common-sea-freight-routes\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Common Sea Freight Routes<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some of the most common sea freight routes take place between these countries:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>China and&nbsp;United Kingdom (UK)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>China and the United States (US)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USA and&nbsp;Australia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USA and&nbsp;India<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-singapore-to-usa\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-singapore-to-usa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">USA<\/a> and&nbsp;Singapore<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USA and&nbsp;UK&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On average, shipments between these countries may take anywhere from 4 to 10 weeks. Transit times may vary depending on factors such as weather conditions and <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/transshipment\/\">transshipment<\/a> routes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"benefits-of-sea-freight\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Benefits of Sea Freight<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"costefficient\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cost-efficient<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ocean freight is one of the cheapest ways to ship a large volume of goods over long distances, like when shipping from,<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-usa-to-singapore\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-type=\"link\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-usa-to-singapore\/\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">US to Singapore<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-singapore-to-usa\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Singapore to US<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-thailand-to-us\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Thailand to US<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-uk-to-singapore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UK to Singapore<\/a>,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/shipping-from-australia-to-singapore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Australia to Singapore<\/a> and more.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some estimates have shown that it is generally four to six times less costly than <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/air-freight-singapore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">air freight<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some carriers, like <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/nvocc\/\">NVOCCs<\/a>, may even have special arrangements with other companies to obtain the best rates for clients.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"large-space-capacity\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Large Space Capacity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The large size of cargo ships allow them to carry high volumes of heavy, bulky cargo with large dimensions. This may include large quantities of motor vehicles and heavy machinery.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"safe-carriage-of-dangerous-goods\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Safe Carriage of Dangerous Goods<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Many sea carriers are equipped to safely <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/dangerous-goods-dg-shipping\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">transport dangerous goods<\/a> such as <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/how-to-ship-battery-from-china-to-singapore\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/how-to-ship-battery-from-china-to-singapore\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">batteries<\/a>, fuel and crude oil, chemicals and explosives. Regulations surrounding transporting these goods are also less stringent for ocean freight, compared to other modes of shipment.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"sea-freight-containers\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sea Freight Containers<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In sea cargo shipping, freight may be:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Stored in containers, then loaded onto ships<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stored in the hold of the ship (dry bulk shipping)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rolled on and off <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/roro\/\">RoRo<\/a> ships<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/shipping-container\/\">Shipping containers<\/a> are most commonly used for their space-efficiency and ability to protect goods from weather damage. Larger ships may carry between 18,000 to 21,000 20ft containers or 9,000 to 10,500 40ft containers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Shippers (consignors) may choose to opt for full container loads or less-than-container loads.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"lessthancontainer-load-lcl-vs-full-container-load-fcl\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Less-than-container Load (LCL) vs Full Container Load (FCL)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An LCL shipment is a type of <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/consolidated-freight\/\">consolidated freight<\/a> where multiple <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/consignor\/\">consignors<\/a> share container space to ship smaller quantities of goods.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">An FCL shipment is when a single consignor books a full container for their own goods only. They may choose to use the full space of the container or not.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Some ways LCL and FCL shipments differ include:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cost \u2013 <\/strong>For smaller volumes of goods, LCL is cheaper than FCL as consignors only pay for the space they use<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Speed \u2013<\/strong>&nbsp;LCL takes a longer time to complete than FCL as consolidation and deconsolidation is required<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Availability \u2013 <\/strong>LCL may be more readily available than FCL during busy shipment periods<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"how-is-sea-freight-calculated\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How is Sea Freight Calculated?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sea freight rates are typically calculated based on chargeable weight (<a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/lcl-shipping\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/lcl-shipping\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">LCL shipments<\/a>) or container size (FCL shipments). Carriers may also quote their own flat shipment rate.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Cost may also vary based on the type of container used (e.g. refrigerated, tank) and additional charges such as:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/bill-of-lading\/\">Bill of Lading<\/a> (BoL);<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Documentation;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Container freight station (CFS) fees.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"sea-freight-calculation-for-lcl-shipments\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sea Freight Calculation for LCL Shipments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For LCL shipments, sea freight is calculated by taking the chargeable weight of goods multiplied by a base rate quoted by carrier companies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sea freight = Chargeable weight (CBM) x base rate ($)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Chargeable weight is measured in cubic meters (CBM), and is determined by the actual weight (in tons) of cargo or its volumetric weight (CBM), whichever is greater.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Actual weight<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This is the total weight of cargo (in tons) measured on a weighing scale. 1 ton of cargo is equivalent to 1 CBM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1000kg (~2205lbs) = 1 ton = 1 CBM<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Volumetric weight<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Volumetric weight is calculated by multiplying the length, width and height of cargo in meters.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Length x width x height (in meters) = volumetric weight (in CBM)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 id=\"example-of-calculating-sea-freight-by-chargeable-weight\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Example of Calculating Sea Freight by Chargeable Weight<\/strong><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, you are engaging the services of sea carrier company ABC that charges a base rate of $55 per CBM. Your cargo has the following measurements:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Weight = 5000kg (11023lb)<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Length = 1m (3.28ft), width = 2m (6.56ft), height = 3m (9.84ft)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Actual weight = 5000kg = 5 tons = 5 CBM<br>Volumetric weight = 1m x 2m x 3m = 6 CBM<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">As volumetric weight is greater than actual weight, the chargeable weight will be 6 CBM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sea freight = 6 CBM x $55 = $330<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You would thus have to pay $330 to ship your goods via sea carrier ABC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 id=\"sea-freight-calculation-for-fcl-shipments\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sea Freight Calculation for FCL Shipments<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For FCL shipments, sea freight may be calculated in terms of twenty-foot equivalent units (TEUs). Many carriers have a base rate per 20ft container. This means that a 40ft container is counted as 2 TEUs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For example, you are doing an FCL shipment with sea carrier company XYZ that charges a base rate of $600 per TEU. You want to ship 2 x 40ft containers with them.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1 x 40ft container = 2 TEUs<br>2 x 40ft container = 4 TEUs<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sea freight = $600 x 4 TEUs = $2400<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">You would thus have to pay $2400 to ship your containers via sea carrier XYZ.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 id=\"sea-freight-vs-air-freight\" class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Sea Freight vs Air Freight<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Another common mode of transportation in shipping is <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/air-freight\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/air-freight\/\">air freight<\/a>. It is the shipment of goods via air carriers like cargo or charter planes.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">When deciding between ocean and air freight, consignors and <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/freight-forwarder\/\" data-type=\"URL\" data-id=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/freight-forwarder\/\">freight forwarders<\/a> often weigh the following factors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cost<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sea freight is typically much cheaper than air freight for larger quantities of goods. However, the difference in cost may be significantly lower for smaller quantities, depending on LCL prices.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Carbon footprint<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Sea freight generally leaves a lower carbon footprint than air freight as planes generate greater carbon emissions than ships.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Speed<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Air freight is typically much faster than sea freight, especially for longer distances. The former may take days to reach a destination whereas the latter may take weeks. The speed may vary based on factors like <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/www.mp.com.sg\/door-to-door-sea-freight-service\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">door to door shipment<\/a> arrangements.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sea freight is the shipment of large quantities of goods using cargo ships. The goodsintransit is usually stored in containers or in the hold of the ship.&nbsp; It is typically regarded as one of the cheapest ways to transport bulk goods over long distances. Summary Sea freight is the transportation of goods from port A &#8230; <a title=\"Sea Freight\" class=\"read-more\" href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/sea-freight\/\" aria-label=\"Read more about Sea Freight\">Read more<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":631,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-628","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-glossary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/628","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=628"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/628\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/631"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=628"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/encyclopedia.mp.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}