{"id":10579,"date":"2025-11-14T10:38:41","date_gmt":"2025-11-14T02:38:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/?p=10579"},"modified":"2025-12-24T10:45:16","modified_gmt":"2025-12-24T02:45:16","slug":"pneumonia-symptoms-treatment-prevention","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/pneumonia-symptoms-treatment-prevention\/","title":{"rendered":"Pneumonia in Singapore: A Comprehensive Guide to Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"10579\" class=\"elementor elementor-10579\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e83ec57 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"e83ec57\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-24ce88a health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"24ce88a\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pneumonia is a significant public health concern globally and a major cause of hospitalisation and mortality in Singapore. Understanding this serious respiratory infection\u2014its causes, symptoms, and the crucial steps for treatment and prevention\u2014is essential for safeguarding our health, especially for the most vulnerable in our community.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ef885e5 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"ef885e5\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90607ad e-grid e-con-full e-con e-child\" data-id=\"90607ad\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95746bc e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"95746bc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8beb12c elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"8beb12c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">What is Pneumonia?<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5842268 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"5842268\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs (alveoli) in one or both lungs. When inflamed, these air sacs may fill with fluid or pus, causing respiratory symptoms that can range from mild to life-threatening. The severity of pneumonia depends on several factors, including the type of germ causing the infection, the patient&#8217;s age, and their overall health.<u><\/u><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e89115c elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"e89115c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"466\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/healthy-lungs-vs-pneumonia-lungs-1024x746.png\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10588\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/healthy-lungs-vs-pneumonia-lungs-1024x746.png.webp 1024w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/healthy-lungs-vs-pneumonia-lungs-300x219.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/healthy-lungs-vs-pneumonia-lungs-768x560.png.webp 768w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/healthy-lungs-vs-pneumonia-lungs-600x437.png.webp 600w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/healthy-lungs-vs-pneumonia-lungs.png.webp 1072w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-04a37cb elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"04a37cb\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-fb0888a e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"fb0888a\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-94df453 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"94df453\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Culprits: Common Pathogens<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0bd796c health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"0bd796c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pneumonia can be caused by a variety of microorganisms, which are broadly classified into three groups:<\/p><ol><li><b>Bacteria:<\/b> This is the most common cause of pneumonia in adults. The leading bacterial pathogen is <b><i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i><\/b> (pneumococcus). Other common bacteria include <i>Haemophilus influenzae<\/i>, and atypical bacteria like <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae<\/i> and <i>Chlamydophila pneumoniae<\/i>.<\/li><li><b>Viruses:<\/b> Viruses are another frequent cause, especially in young children and older adults. Common culprits include the <b>influenza virus (flu)<\/b>, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), and coronaviruses, including SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19).<\/li><li><b>Fungi:<\/b> Fungal pneumonia is less common and typically affects individuals with weakened immune systems or chronic health problems.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42843a9 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"42843a9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-709f651 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"709f651\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e6fb45f elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"e6fb45f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Recognising the Signs: Common Symptoms<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2c7b2f7 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2c7b2f7\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Pneumonia symptoms can develop suddenly or over several days. Key signs to watch for include:<\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><b>Cough<\/b>, which may produce greenish, yellow, or even bloody mucus.<\/li><li><b>Fever<\/b>, sweating, and shaking chills.<\/li><li><b>Shortness of breath<\/b> or difficulty breathing.<\/li><li><b>Sharp or stabbing chest pain<\/b> that worsens with deep breathing or coughing.<\/li><li><b>Fatigue<\/b> and loss of appetite.<\/li><li><b>Confusion or changes in mental awareness<\/b>, particularly in older adults.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bea4e8b elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bea4e8b\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a644f1b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"a644f1b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e3903e elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"5e3903e\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">When It Gets Serious: Complications of Pneumonia<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4ef6396 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4ef6396\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>If not treated promptly and effectively, pneumonia can lead to severe complications:<\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><b>Bacteremia and Sepsis:<\/b> The infection can spread into the bloodstream, leading to a life-threatening condition called sepsis, where widespread inflammation can cause organ failure.<\/li><li><b>Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS):<\/b> This is a severe form of respiratory failure requiring intensive care and mechanical ventilation.<\/li><li><b>Lung Abscesses:<\/b> Pus can form in a cavity within the lung.<\/li><li><b>Pleural Effusion:<\/b> Fluid can build up in the thin space between the lung and the chest wall.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5cd2bc3 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5cd2bc3\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3b6bf83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"3b6bf83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1760bbc elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"1760bbc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Local Impact: Latest Mortality Rates in Singapore<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-64d6549 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"64d6549\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In Singapore, pneumonia consistently ranks as one of the top causes of death. According to the Ministry of Health&#8217;s latest reports on principal causes of death, <b>pneumonia is the second leading cause of death<\/b>, just after cancer.\u00a0It accounts for over 20% of all deaths, a figure that underscores its significant impact, especially on the nation&#8217;s aging population.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a9c3b25 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"a9c3b25\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e197af1 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"e197af1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90892a2 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"90892a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Confirming the Diagnosis<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-913099c health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"913099c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>To diagnose pneumonia and determine the best course of treatment, doctors typically follow a structured approach:<\/p><ol><li><b>Medical History and Physical Examination:<\/b> The doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A key part of the physical exam involves listening to your lungs with a stethoscope to check for abnormal sounds, such as crackling or bubbling.<\/li><li><b>Pulse Oximetry:<\/b> This non-invasive test measures the oxygen saturation level in your blood to assess how well your lungs are functioning.<\/li><li><b>Chest X-ray:<\/b> This is the most common and reliable method to confirm a pneumonia diagnosis, as it can show the location and extent of the inflammation in the lungs.<\/li><li><b>Other investigations that may be required <\/b><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><b>Blood Tests:<\/b> A complete blood count can help determine if the body is fighting an infection (e.g., by checking for a high white blood cell count).<\/li><li><b>Sputum Culture:<\/b> A sample of mucus coughed up from the lungs can be analysed in a lab to identify the specific pathogen causing the infection, which helps in guiding antibiotic choice.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-bfd58ad elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"bfd58ad\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6fe27bd e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"6fe27bd\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-345b5de elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"345b5de\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Treatment of Pneumonia: Singapore's Clinical Practice Guidelines<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-39a426c health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"39a426c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Treatment for pneumonia in Singapore is guided by severity and the likely causative pathogen.<\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><b>For Community-Acquired Pneumonia (CAP):<\/b><ul><li><b>Antibiotics:<\/b> For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics are the primary treatment. The choice of antibiotic depends on the patient&#8217;s age, risk factors, and local antibiotic resistance patterns. It is crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics, even if you start to feel better.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li><b>Supportive Care:<\/b> This is vital for recovery and includes:<ul><li><b>Rest and Hydration:<\/b> Getting adequate rest and drinking plenty of fluids.<\/li><li><b>Fever and Pain Relief:<\/b> Using over-the-counter medications like paracetamol.<\/li><li><b>Hospitalisation:<\/b> Severe cases, especially among the elderly or those with other health conditions, often require hospitalisation for intravenous (IV) antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and close monitoring.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-01186cf elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"01186cf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-57d6f83 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"57d6f83\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-16fa311 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"16fa311\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">The Best Defence: Prevention with Vaccination<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-88f3bb9 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"88f3bb9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Prevention remains the most effective strategy against pneumonia. <i><\/i><\/p><p><b>Pneumococcal vaccination is highly recommended<\/b> as it protects against infections caused by <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae<\/i>, the most common bacterial cause of pneumonia.<\/p><p>In addition to the pneumococcal vaccine, other preventive measures include:<\/p><ul><li style=\"list-style-type: none;\"><ul><li>Getting the <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/influenza-symptoms-treatment-and-prevention\/\">annual influenza vaccine<\/a>\u00a0<\/li><li>Practising good hand hygiene<\/li><li>Quitting smoking, as smoking damages the lungs&#8217; natural defences<\/li><li>Maintaining a healthy lifestyle to keep your immune system strong.<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b8f31db health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b8f31db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<blockquote data-start=\"1091\" data-end=\"1511\"><p data-start=\"1398\" data-end=\"1511\"><a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/pneumococcal-vaccines\/\">\ud83d\udc49 <em data-start=\"1401\" data-end=\"1511\">Learn more about pneumococcal vaccines in Singapore, who should get vaccinated, and the subsidies available.<\/em><\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-5e76cb8 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"5e76cb8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b93e66f elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"b93e66f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"905\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pneumonia-article-poster-724x1024.jpg\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-10601\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pneumonia-article-poster-724x1024.jpg.webp 724w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pneumonia-article-poster-212x300.jpg.webp 212w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pneumonia-article-poster-768x1087.jpg.webp 768w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pneumonia-article-poster-1086x1536.jpg.webp 1086w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pneumonia-article-poster-600x849.jpg.webp 600w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/11\/Pneumonia-article-poster.jpg.webp 1357w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d430008 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"d430008\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">References:<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b75dbec elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b75dbec\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"ref1-4\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li>HealthHub, Singapore. (2024). <i>Pneumonia<\/i>. [Online]. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.healthhub.sg\/health-conditions\/topic_pneumonia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.healthhub.sg\/health-conditions\/topic_pneumonia<\/a> (Accessed: 12 October 2025).<\/li><li>Ministry of Health, Singapore. (2025). <i>National Adult Immunisation Schedule<\/i>. [Online]. Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/nationally-recommended-vaccinations\/national-adult-immunisation-schedule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/nationally-recommended-vaccinations\/national-adult-immunisation-schedule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/nationally-recommended-vaccinations\/national-adult-immunisation-schedule<\/a> (Accessed: 12 October 2025).<\/li><li>Ministry of Health, Singapore. (2025). <i>New Vaccines Against Shingles And Pneumococcal Disease Added To National Adult Immunisation Schedule<\/i>. [Online]. Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/news-highlights\/details\/new-vaccines-against-shingles-and-pneumococcal-disease-added-to-national-adult-immunisation-schedule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/search?q=https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/news-highlights\/details\/new-vaccines-against-shingles-and-pneumococcal-disease-added-to-national-adult-immunisation-schedule\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/news-highlights\/details\/new-vaccines-against-shingles-and-pneumococcal-disease-added-to-national-adult-immunisation-schedule<\/a> (Accessed: 12 October 2025).<\/li><li>Ministry of Health, Singapore. (2024). <i>Principal Causes of Death<\/i>. [Online]. Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/singapore-health-facts\/principal-causes-of-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/singapore-health-facts\/principal-causes-of-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/singapore-health-facts\/principal-causes-of-death<\/a> (Accessed: 12 October 2025).<\/li><li>World Health Organization. (2023). <i>Pneumonia<\/i>. [Online]. Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/pneumonia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> <\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/pneumonia\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/pneumonia<\/a> (Accessed: 12 October 2025).<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f28a885 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"f28a885\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-97b7ad8 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"97b7ad8\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-1cbc8e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-spacer\" data-id=\"1cbc8e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"spacer.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-spacer-inner\"><\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-33a3ab7 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"33a3ab7\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6f98416 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"6f98416\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Author<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7bb0797 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"7bb0797\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-09ecd9b e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"09ecd9b\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7df2681 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"7df2681\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/elementor\/thumbs\/Dr-Koh-Tingyi-rt1bvibh5fkyrbuqauo7m45lqighy4lpladrb552dg.jpeg\" title=\"Dr Koh Tingyi\" alt=\"Dr Koh Tingyi\" loading=\"lazy\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-dd5f7f5 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"dd5f7f5\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-c8aa26d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"c8aa26d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h3 class=\"size-20\">Dr Koh Tingyi<\/h3><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">MB BCh BAO, MMed (Family Med) <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p><p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span lang=\"EN-US\">Dr Koh is a Family Physician at Frontier Healthcare with a special interest in <span data-teams=\"true\">Chronic Disease Management, Paediatrics, Women&#8217;s Health and Care Planning\u00a0<\/span>. She currently practices at <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/clinics\/clementi\/\">Clementi<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/clinics\/jurong-west\/\">Jurong West<\/a>.\u00a0<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pneumonia is a significant public health concern globally and a major cause of hospitalisation and mortality in Singapore. Understanding this serious respiratory infection\u2014its causes, symptoms, and the crucial steps for treatment and prevention\u2014is essential for safeguarding our health, especially for the most vulnerable in our community. What is Pneumonia? Pneumonia is an infection that inflames [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":423,"featured_media":10583,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[116],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10579","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-disease-prevention"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10579","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/423"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10579"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10579\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10579"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10579"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10579"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}