{"id":6731,"date":"2024-08-14T15:52:13","date_gmt":"2024-08-14T07:52:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/?p=6731"},"modified":"2024-12-27T16:03:16","modified_gmt":"2024-12-27T08:03:16","slug":"osteoporosis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/osteoporosis\/","title":{"rendered":"Osteoporosis"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Understanding Osteoporosis<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Osteoporosis is a bone disease where bone density and mass decrease, or bone structure changes, making bones weaker and more likely to fracture. 1<\/sup><\/a> With advancing age, the bone density normally decreases. However, in some people, it decreases faster. If bone density declines below a certain level, it is called osteoporosis. 2<\/sup><\/a> Osteoporosis is the leading cause of fractures in postmenopausal women and older men. 1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>

Due to effective family planning policies since the 1960s, Singapore, a multi-ethnic country in Southeast Asia, has one of the fastest-ageing populations in Asia. <\/span>3<\/sup><\/a> The proportion of citizens aged 65 and above increased from 9.9% in 2009 to 16.0% in 2019 and is projected to reach about 23.7% by 2030.<\/span>4<\/sup><\/a><\/p>

In Singapore, the prevalence of osteoporosis ranges from 9.3% to 19.4% among postmenopausal women. The condition has a 0.7% prevalence among men aged 50 and older. 5,6<\/sup><\/a> In a population-based Singaporean study in 2020, researchers found that the risk level for starting osteoporosis treatment rises with age, from a 2.96% chance of a major fracture at age 50 to 32% at age 90. They also noted that 7% of the 29,323 women had previously experienced a fragile bone fracture. 7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Key Risk Factors for Osteoporosis<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Osteoporosis affects individuals of all races, genders, and ethnicities. Here are some important risk factors to consider: 1<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"PES-OP_Rec_v1.0_12Aug24-02\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Recognising the Tell-Tale Signs of Osteoporosis<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tOsteoporosis is often called the “silent disease” because it typically has no obvious signs or symptoms. Symptoms usually appear only after a fracture. In severe cases, spontaneous fractures may occur. The most common fracture sites are: 1,2<\/sup><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"PES-OP_Rec_v1.0_12Aug24-03\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Diagnosis of Osteoporosis<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The cornerstone of the diagnosis of osteporosis is the bone mineral density assessment (BMDA). 8,9<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"PES-OP_Rec_v1.0_12Aug24-04\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Other methods that can help in the assessment of osteoporosis include: 8,9<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"PES-OP_Rec_v1.0_12Aug24_\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asians\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

The Osteoporosis Self-Assessment Tool for Asians (OSTA) score is designed to help identify women, especially postmenopausal women, at risk of osteoporosis. It serves as a simple and effective method to determine if further bone health evaluation is needed. OSTA is a self-assessment tool, so you can easily do this evaluation on your own. The OSTA score is calculated using just two factors\u2014age and weight. The formula is provided below: 8,10<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"PES-OP_Rec_v1.0_12Aug24-06\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

BMD: Bone mineral density; DXA: Dual-energy X-Ray absorptiometry<\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Strategies for Osteoporosis Treatment<\/span><\/b><\/o:p><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Treatment options for Osteoporosis include the following: 11<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"PES-OP_Rec_v1.0_12Aug24_\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

IV: Intravenous; RANKL: Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand; SERM: Selective oestrogen receptor modulator.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Ways to Prevent Osteoporosis<\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tYour healthcare provider may suggest the following steps to prevent the development or further progression of osteoporosis: 1,2,8,9,11,12<\/sup><\/a>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"PES-OP_Rec_v1.0_12Aug24-08\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

Early identification of individuals at high risk is key to fracture prevention. 8<\/sup><\/a><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\"\"\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

1. Osteoporosis. National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases. Available at: https:\/\/www.niams.nih.gov\/health-topics\/osteoporosis<\/a>. Accessed on: 14 May 2024.<\/p>

2. Overview: Osteoporosis and bone fractures. In: InformedHealth.org [Internet]. Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG). Available at: https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK279529\/<\/a>. Accessed on: 15 May 2024.<\/p>

3. Chan A. Singapore\u2019s changing age structure: Issues and policy implications for the family and state. In: Tuljapurkar S, Pool I, Prachuabmoh V, (eds). Population, Resources and Development. International Studies in Population, vol 1. Springer. 2005, pp. 221\u2013242.<\/p>

4. Population in Brief 2019.pdf. Available at: https:\/\/www.strategygroup.gov.sg\/files\/media-centre\/publications\/population-in-brief-2019.pdf<\/a>. Accessed on: 26 June 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

5. Chen KK, Wee S-L, Pang BWJ, et al. Bone mineral density reference values in Singaporean adults and comparisons for osteoporosis establishment: The Yishun Study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2020;21:633.<\/p>

6. Chandran M, Brind\u2019Amour K, Fujiwara S, et al. Prevalence of osteoporosis and incidence of related fractures in developed economies in the Asia Pacific region: A systematic review. Osteoporos Int. 2023;34:1037\u20131053.<\/p>

7. Kanis JA, Chandran M, Chionh SB, et al. Use of age-dependent FRAX-based intervention thresholds for Singapore. Arch Osteoporos. 2020;15:104.<\/p>

8. Appropriate Care Guide. Osteoporosis: Identification and management in primary care. Available at: https:\/\/www.ace-hta.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/acgs\/osteoporosis—identification-and-management-in-primary-care-(nov-2018).pdf?sfvrsn=95758f4e_2<\/a>. Accessed on: 15 May 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t

\n\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t

9. Ministry of Health Singapore. Osteoporosis. Clinical Practice Guideline. Available at: https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/docs\/librariesprovider4\/guidelines\/cpg_osteoporosis.pdf<\/a>. Accessed on: 15 May 2024.<\/p>

10. Muslim D, Mohd E, Sallehudin A, et al. Performance of Osteoporosis Self-assessment Tool for Asian (OSTA) for primary osteoporosis in post-menopausal Malay women. Malays Orthop J. 2012;6(1):35\u201339.<\/p>

11. Supplementary-guide-on-available-treatment-options-(nov-2018). Available at: https:\/\/www.ace-hta.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/acgs\/supplementary-guide-on-available-treatment-options-(nov-2018)ecd01456d0bc4c3581d805b12a46c143.pdf?sfvrsn=396c5820_0<\/a>. Accessed on: 8 July 2024.<\/p>

12. Porter JL, Varacallo M. Osteoporosis. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available at: http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK441901\/<\/a>. Accessed on: 14 May 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Understanding Osteoporosis Osteoporosis is a bone disease where bone density and mass decrease, or bone structure changes, making bones weaker and more likely to fracture. 1 With advancing age, the bone density normally decreases. However, in some people, it decreases faster. If bone density declines below a certain level, it is called osteoporosis. 2 Osteoporosis […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":6753,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[108],"class_list":["post-6731","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chronic-care","tag-osteoporosis"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6731","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/104"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=6731"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/6731\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/6753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=6731"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=6731"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=6731"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}