{"id":8225,"date":"2024-10-25T17:59:48","date_gmt":"2024-10-25T09:59:48","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/?p=8225"},"modified":"2025-01-13T12:01:20","modified_gmt":"2025-01-13T04:01:20","slug":"chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease\/","title":{"rendered":"Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"8225\" class=\"elementor elementor-8225\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-517e29b1 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"517e29b1\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-996bfed e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"996bfed\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-83d7917 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"83d7917\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background: #385c04;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;\">Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease <o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b232fbf health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"b232fbf\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung condition that makes it hard to breathe. It can cause symptoms like coughing with increased phlegm, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. <a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>There are mainly 2 types of COPD:<\/p><ul><li>Emphysema: The tiny air sacs in the lungs become damaged, making it difficult for gas to be exchanged.<a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>2<\/sup><\/a><\/li><li>Chronic bronchitis: The airways in the lungs are repeatedly irritated and inflamed, and become narrowed and clogged with mucous.<a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>1<\/sup><\/a><\/li><\/ul>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eae3e92 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"eae3e92\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"226\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-01-768x271.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-8230\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-01-768x271.png.webp 768w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-01-300x106.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-01-1024x362.png.webp 1024w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-01-1536x542.png.webp 1536w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-01-600x212.png.webp 600w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-01.png.webp 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b456408 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"b456408\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-eb83fb4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"eb83fb4\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background: #385c04;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;\">Prevalence of COPD<o:p><\/o:p><\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e54d8a2 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e54d8a2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>COPD is a significant global health concern and the third leading cause of death worldwide.<a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>In Singapore, COPD ranks as the tenth leading cause of death, impacting about 5.9% of the general population and 26% of those aged 55 and older. From 2007 to 2020, Google searches for COPD increased, reflecting a rise in COPD-related health concerns and greater online information-seeking in Singapore.<a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>3<\/sup><\/a><\/p><p>COPD was the ninth leading cause of years of life lost in 2017.<a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>4<\/sup><\/a> COPD accounted for 1.2% of deaths in 2020, 1.1% in 2021, and 1.2% in 2022.<a href=\"#ref5-8\"><sup>5<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-60b3a77 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"60b3a77\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d577b35 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"d577b35\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background: #385c04;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;\">Risk Factors Associated With COPD<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f653927 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f653927\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Smoking is the most common cause of COPD. Less commonly, people can also get COPD from breathing in toxic fumes, gases, or inorganic dusts. There may also be a genetic predisposition to COPD.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7ab4ead e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"7ab4ead\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-95d6a81 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"95d6a81\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background: #385c04;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;\">Symptoms of COPD<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f05ff69 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f05ff69\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The common symptoms associated with COPD include:<a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>2,6<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-87dc0c9 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"87dc0c9\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"198\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-03-768x237.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-8232\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-03-768x237.png.webp 768w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-03-300x93.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-03-1024x316.png.webp 1024w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-03-1536x474.png.webp 1536w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-03-2048x632.png.webp 2048w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-03-600x185.png.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-0934a94 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"0934a94\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ffed3e1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ffed3e1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background: #385c04;\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff; font-family: Arial, sans-serif;\"><b>Diagnosis of COPD<\/b><\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7f4c01d health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7f4c01d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The gold standard for the diagnosis of COPD is spirometry, which is a lung function test. During a spirometry, you take in a deep breath and blow out as hard and as fast as you can into a machine. This machine measures both the volume of air breathed out and the speed at which it is expelled. <a href=\"#ref5-8\"><sup>7<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-42d6d06 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"42d6d06\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"219\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-04-300x219.png\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-8233\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-04-300x219.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-04-1024x746.png.webp 1024w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-04-768x559.png.webp 768w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-04-1536x1119.png.webp 1536w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-04-2048x1492.png.webp 2048w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-04-600x437.png.webp 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4c3aa6c e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"4c3aa6c\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-f867574 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"f867574\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"MsoNormal\" align=\"center\" style=\"margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; background: #385c04;\"><b><span lang=\"EN-GB\" style=\"font-family: 'Arial',sans-serif; color: white; mso-themecolor: background1;\">Management of COPD<\/span><\/b><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a51d3c2 health-resources-body elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a51d3c2\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The main approaches to managing COPD include: <a href=\"#ref1-4\"><sup>2,4,8,9<\/sup><\/a><\/p><ol><li>Avoid Smoking<ul><li>Cutting down on smoking can improve your health, no matter how long you have smoked or how many cigarettes you smoke a day<\/li><li>Consult your family doctor if you have trouble quitting smoking<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Inhalers<ul><li>Inhalers help to open up the airways, and can also help to reduce swelling in the airways<\/li><li>You may also require a standby inhaler to relieve symptoms should you get sudden worsening of your breathlessness<\/li><li>Many people often require more than 1 inhaler at a time<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Pulmonary Rehabilitation<ul><li>This teaches you to improve your symptoms via physical activity and breathing exercises<\/li><li>Even without pulmonary rehabilitation, regular physical activity can help improve your breathing<\/li><\/ul><\/li><li>Preventing infections<ul><li>Vaccinations against pneumococcal disease and influenza can reduce your risk of infections which can cause COPD to flare up<\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-85936cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"85936cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"640\" height=\"161\" src=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-10-768x193.png\" class=\"attachment-medium_large size-medium_large wp-image-8239\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-10-768x193.png.webp 768w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-10-300x76.png.webp 300w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-10-1024x258.png.webp 1024w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-10-1536x387.png.webp 1536w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-10-600x151.png.webp 600w, https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/10\/PES-COPD_Rec_v0.2_02Sep24_FINAL-10.png.webp 1596w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 640px) 100vw, 640px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2829222 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2829222\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ff52b55 e-con-full e-flex e-con e-child\" data-id=\"ff52b55\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a624561 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"a624561\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h6>References<\/h6>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ce49f96 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ce49f96\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"ref1-4\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>1. COPD &#8211; What Is COPD? | NHLBI, NIH. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/copd\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/copd<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p><p><\/p><p>2. Agarwal AK, Raja A, Brown BD. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Available at: <a href=\"http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559281\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">http:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/books\/NBK559281\/<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p><p>3. Fang Y, Shepherd TA, Smith HE. Examining the Trends in Online Health Information-Seeking Behavior About Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Singapore: Analysis of Data From Google Trends and the Global Burden of Disease Study. J Med Internet Res. 2021;23(10):e19307.<\/p><p>4. MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 2\/2017 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Executive Summary. Available at:<a href=\"https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/docs\/librariesprovider4\/guidelines\/copd-cpg-2017_summary-card.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/docs\/librariesprovider4\/guidelines\/copd-cpg-2017_summary-card.pdf<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-ed41602 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"ed41602\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"ref5-8\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>5. MOH Principal Causes of Death. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/singapore-health-facts\/principal-causes-of-death\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.moh.gov.sg\/resources-statistics\/singapore-health-facts\/principal-causes-of-death<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p><p>6. COPD &#8211; Causes and Risk Factors | NHLBI, NIH. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/copd\/causes\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/copd\/causes<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p><p>7. COPD &#8211; Diagnosis | NHLBI, NIH. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/copd\/diagnosis\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health\/copd\/diagnosis<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p><p>8. Managing stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Focusing on inhalers. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ace-hta.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/acgs\/managing-stable-copd---focusing-on-inhalers-(sep-2018).pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ace-hta.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/acgs\/managing-stable-copd&#8212;focusing-on-inhalers-(sep-2018).pdf<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8edf9cc elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8edf9cc\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" id=\"ref9-12\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>9. Appropriate Care Guide. Diagnosing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A systematic approach. Available at: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ace-hta.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/acgs\/diagnosing-copd---a-systematic-approach-(nov-2018)c6d13cdac68a4b4ea5472a65343bee59.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.ace-hta.gov.sg\/docs\/default-source\/acgs\/diagnosing-copd&#8212;a-systematic-approach-(nov-2018)c6d13cdac68a4b4ea5472a65343bee59.pdf<\/a>. Accessed on: 02 August 2024.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a lung condition that makes it hard to breathe. It can cause symptoms like coughing with increased phlegm, shortness of breath, and chest tightness. 1 There are mainly 2 types of COPD: Emphysema: The tiny air sacs in the lungs become damaged, making it difficult [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":104,"featured_media":8240,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[23],"tags":[109],"class_list":["post-8225","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-chronic-care","tag-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8225","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/104"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8225"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8225\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8240"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8225"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8225"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/glutenfreepleasure.com\/__proxy_domain\/frontierhealthcare.com.sg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8225"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}